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CRITICAL RACE THEORY TENETS WHITENESS AS SKIN
CRITICAL RACE THEORY TENETS WHITENESS AS PROFESSIONAL

Critics felt the "legal storytelling movement," an approach focusing on stories by people of color and used by CRT law scholars to challenge dominant narratives, was not a rigorous method of analysis.

Just two decades after the accomplishments of the Civil Rights Movement, many politicians and institutions were co-opting the aspirational, color-blind language of Martin Luther King, Jr.-i.e., the idea that we should judge someone on the content of his character rather than the color of his skin-while omitting the more critical aspects of his speeches that emphasized discrimination and economic inequality.Ĭrenshaw (in Valdes et al., 2002) and Delgado and Stefancic (2012) detail the opposition to CRT in the 1990s, principally from neo-conservative opponents of affirmative action who saw CRT scholars as leftist radicals, and even accused them of anti-Semitism.

Critical race theory has inspired various other sub-fields, such as "LatCrit," "AsianCrit," "queer crit," and critical whiteness studies.ĭefinition and Origins of Critical Race TheoryĬoined by legal scholar Kimberlé Crenshaw in the late 1980s, the term "critical race theory" first emerged as a challenge to the idea that the United States had become a "color-blind" society where one's racial identity no longer had an effect on one's social or economic status.

CRITICAL RACE THEORY TENETS WHITENESS AS PROFESSIONAL

While "race" as a notion is a social construction and not rooted in biology, it has had real, tangible effects on Black people and other people of color in terms of economic resources, educational and professional opportunities, and experiences with the legal system.

Critical race theory was a response by legal scholars to the idea that the United States had become a color-blind society where racial inequality/discrimination was no longer in effect.

CRITICAL RACE THEORY TENETS WHITENESS AS SKIN

The program begins with the claim that the United States is a "white supremacy system," designed by white Europeans "for the purpose of assigning and maintaining white skin access to power and privilege." American history is presented as a long sequence of oppressions, from the "construction of a 'white race'" by colonists in 1680 to President Obama's stimulus legislation in 2009, "another race neutral act that has disproportionately benefited white people." Consequently, the Walmart program argues, white Americans have been subjected to "racist conditioning" that indoctrinates them into "white supremacy," or the view "that white people and the ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and actions of white people are superior to People of Color and their ideas, thoughts, beliefs, and actions. When reached for comment, Walmart confirmed that the company has "engaged REI for a number of training sessions since 2018" and has "found these sessions to be thought provoking and constructive." The program is based on the core principles of critical race theory, including "intersectionality," "internalized racial oppression," "internalized racial inferiority," and "white anti-racist development." Since the program's launch, Walmart has trained more than 1,000 employees and made the program mandatory for executives and recommended for hourly wage workers in Walmart stores.

According to a cache of internal documents I have obtained from a whistleblower, Walmart launched the program in 2018 in partnership with the Racial Equity Institute, a Greensboro, North Carolina, consulting firm that has worked extensively with universities, government agencies, and private corporations.